design · measurement · machines
The theory behind the folders
None of the activities here are new — they come from the long public tradition of facilitation. What this site adds is method: every folder is designed, debriefed and measured on the same frameworks, and the frameworks are named below. Judge the folders against them — that is what they are for. And when you are ready to put them to work, section five lays out four ways.
1 — how the activities are designed
Each run sheet is built as a full learning cycle, not a game with a chat at the end. The shape comes from Kolb's experiential learning cycle (Kolb, 1984): concrete experience → reflective observation → abstract conceptualization → active experimentation. The activity is the experience; the debrief sheet is the reflection and the concept; the variations are where the room tries the idea again, better.
The classic exercises themselves carry their own lineage. The Orange is the positions-versus-interests lesson of Getting to Yes (Fisher & Ury, 1981) in physical form. Minefield and the trust sequence descend from adventure-education practice (Schoel, Prouty & Radcliffe, Adventure in the Classroom). We claim the organization, the timing and the rescues — the exercises belong to the tradition, and each folder's debrief says so plainly.
Because a script that only works on good days is a demo, every run sheet carries a section of known failure modes — three ways the activity actually goes wrong in real rooms, and the rescue for each. Writing down the failure is the facilitation practice, not the marketing.
2 — how the debriefs are built
The debrief is where the learning happens, and it is the part most activity sites skip. Every debrief sheet here is a structured debrief, not a question pile: the eight questions move from what happened → why did it happen → what does it mean → what will you do differently on Monday — a concrete-to-abstract sequence in the tradition of Thiagi's structured debriefing (Thiagarajan, Design Your Own Games and Activities, 2003) and the active-reviewing cycle (Greenaway, 2002). Under each question sits the reason it is asked — what it surfaces, and when to skip it.
The sheets also document three failure modes of the debrief itself — the silence, the one loud voice, the summary that lands nowhere — with the rescue for each. A debrief sheet that cannot fail was never run.
3 — how the measures are scored
Assessment-type folders carry a pre/post measure as plain JSON. The items are written against named constructs — interest exploration, perspective taking, psychological safety — because an item that does not say what it measures cannot be interpreted (construct validity, Cronbach & Meehl, 1955). Reverse-scored items are marked, so the score resists straight-lining. Results are reported as team-level deltas, never rankings — formative assessment, in Black & Wiliam's sense (1998): information for the room's next move, not a verdict on anyone.
The feedback-form folders go one step further and structure the evaluation itself on Kirkpatrick's four levels (Kirkpatrick, Evaluating Training Programs, 1959/1998) — reaction, learning, behavior, results — so the questions you ask after a session are the questions that produce evidence, not just comfort.
The constructs these measures lean on — team communication, leadership styles, conflict modes, trust and team health, flow and creativity — each has its own entry on our assessment-library sister site, AssessWiki: the theory, the named model behind it, and the sources, all in one place. WorkshopSkill sends the "what does this item actually measure" question there.
The honest limit, stated plainly: these are two-minute field measures, not psychometric instruments. They are good enough to show a room its own before/after shift — and that is all we claim for them.
4 — how the machine reads the same folder
Every folder is written for humans first — and shaped so an AI agent can read the very
same folder and put it to work without opening a browser. A facilitator tells their
agent: "Plan a 3-hour communication workshop for 12 people, no projector" — and
the request resolves against data, not marketing prose. The folder's
SKILL.md manifest states:
SKILL.md — frontmatter
group_size: 2 # 12 people = 6 pairs in parallel duration_minutes: 15 # goes into the agenda math setting: offline # no projector — constraint met props: [poker prop cards, marker, paper] depth: assessment-type # schedule a pre/post measure
Numbers and enums, not paragraphs: the agent solves the agenda as arithmetic —
90 minutes = opener 10 + Blind Portrait 15 + debrief 10 — and the props
field generates the shopping list. Markdown and JSON are the agent's staple food; the
PDFs are for humans to print. The split is the rule: humans print, agents
parse. The full three-step agent workflow — discover, install, run the prep —
lives on the skills page.
5 — what this page is worth on your desk
One folder, four working identities:
You run the session, straight off the folder. A minute-by-minute script, a run-sheet PDF, print-ready materials — the whole folder runs on paper: no projector, no accounts, no slide deck. Print it the night before, run it in the room; the failure modes and rescues are printed in the script, not improvised at the front.
Your agent takes the prep. Every folder ships a machine-readable
SKILL.md: the agent does the agenda math against group size, turns the
props field into a shopping list, and stands the pre/post measure up as an
online run from the assessment preset. The guide and debrief are plain markdown —
rescale it, translate it, cut it down into your own handout. You make the calls;
it does the lifting.
You teach the theory, citations included. Every framework named on this page carries its source: Kolb's cycle, Thiagi's structured debrief, Fisher and Ury's positions-versus-interests. Quote them in front of a room and you can name who, which year, which book — and the skeptic who goes and checks will find exactly that.
Your reputation survives the follow-up question. Every folder states its known failure modes, carries the Listed stamp, and ships under CC BY 4.0 — AI-assisted drafts, filed by hand and checked folder against folder — script, timings, prop sizes and the measure agree. When a client probes any detail, you have the answer. Verifiable materials in front of a client and one-click AI filler in front of a client are two different businesses.
the sources, in one place
- Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice-Hall.
- Thiagarajan, S. (2003). Design Your Own Games and Activities. Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
- Greenaway, R. (2002). Reviewing Adventures: Why and How. reviewing.co.uk.
- Fisher, R., & Ury, W. (1981). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Houghton Mifflin.
- Schoel, J., Prouty, D., & Radcliffe, P. (1998). Adventure in the Classroom. Kendall/Hunt.
- Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302.
- Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 7–74.
- Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1998). Evaluating Training Programs: The Four Levels. Berrett-Koehler.
- AssessWiki — the assessment library behind the constructs above: assesswiki.com.
The bottom line: methods you can trace, folders you can run, measures that state their limits.